Cognitive

=**__Cognitive Domain__** =

The cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956) involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. There are six major categories, which are listed in order below, starting from the simplest behavior to the most complex. The categories can be thought of as degrees of difficulties. That is, the first ones must normally be mastered before the next ones can take place.

**Key Words**: defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists, matches, names, outlines, recalls, recognizes, reproduces, selects, states. || **Key Words**: comprehends, converts, defends, distinguishes, estimates, explains, extends, generalizes, gives an example, infers, interprets, paraphrases, predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates. || **Key Words**: applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates, discovers, manipulates, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces, relates, shows, solves, uses. || **Key Words**: analyzes, breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs, differentiates, discriminates, distinguishes, identifies, illustrates, infers, outlines, relates, selects, separates. || **Key Words**: categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates, devises, designs, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges, reconstructs, relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites, summarizes, tells, writes. || **Key Words**: appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes, critiques, defends, describes, discriminates, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports. ||
 * < ====Category ==== ||< ====Example and Key Words (verbs) ==== ||
 * < **Knowledge**: Recall data or information. ||< **Examples**: Recite a policy. Quote prices from memory to a customer. Knows the safety rules.
 * < **Comprehension**: Understand the meaning, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems. State a problem in one's own words. ||< **Examples**: Rewrites the principles of test writing. Explain in one's own words the steps for performing a complex task. Translates an equation into a computer spreadsheet.
 * < **Application**: Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction. Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel situations in the work place. ||< **Examples**: Use a manual to calculate an employee's vacation time. Apply laws of statistics to evaluate the reliability of a written test.
 * < <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">**Analysis**: Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between facts and inferences. ||< <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">**Examples**: Troubleshoot a piece of equipment by using logical deduction. Recognize logical fallacies in reasoning. Gathers information from a department and selects the required tasks for training.
 * < <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">**Synthesis**: Builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put parts together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning or structure. ||< <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">**Examples**: Write a company operations or process manual. Design a machine to perform a specific task. Integrates training from several sources to solve a problem. Revises and process to improve the outcome.
 * < <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">**Evaluation**: Make judgments about the value of ideas or materials. ||< <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">**Examples**: Select the most effective solution. Hire the most qualified candidate. Explain and justify a new budget.